Clinical effectiveness refers to the extent to which a particular treatment or intervention works in real-world settings and produces beneficial outcomes for patients. This research area focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatments, interventions, and healthcare practices to determine their impact on patient outcomes, quality of life, and overall health. Researchers in this field aim to assess the benefits and risks of different treatments and interventions to inform clinical decision-making and improve patient care. Clinical effectiveness research often involves analyzing data from clinical trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare practices and interventions in various patient populations.